Columbia County, Oregon consists of 688 square miles, of which 657 square miles is land and 32 square miles is water. As of 2008, Columbia County's total population served was 48,095; a 10.4 percent increase from 2001 census data. The county is made up of seven incorporated areas; the largest has a population of 12,325 and the smallest has a population of 60. The unincorporated area consists of 21,240 people.
Columbia County has a high rate of economically disadvantaged citizens, with children faring the worst. Nearly 13 percent of the county’s children live in poverty and 33 percent of public school children are eligible to receive free or reduced price lunches during the school year. In 2006, 15 percent of Columbia County children were uninsured and 21 percent were on the Oregon Health Plan.
The CDC’s 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey indicates that the residents of Columbia County are living with serious health risks. The percentages of individuals living with these risks are statistically significant when compared to the data from the entire state of Oregon. A 2006 study of eighth graders in Columbia County showed a preponderance of health, mental health, and substance abuse risk indicators. According to the State of Oregon’s Area of Unmet Healthcare Needs Evaluation, Columbia County is the most medically underserved county in Oregon. Columbia County also has been deemed a Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) by the federal government. Furthermore, Columbia County does not have a 24/7 healthcare option for county residents. The county's one Urgent Care Clinic, operated in St. Helens by Legacy Health System, is open for eight hours per day, six days a week.
It bears noting that in 2006 hospital admissions for Columbia County residents were 17 percent less than expected for the population demographics, indicating that access barriers prohibit Columbia County citizens from seeking and utilizing hospital healthcare. Public transportation options are dismally limited and exacerbate the lack of access to scarce health resources. Fuel costs further limit access, as a majority of Columbia County residents rely heavily on personal vehicle usage.